The Unusual Puzzle Into Fast Food Topics Essay

The Unusual Puzzle Into Fast Food Topics Essay Even a little quantity of fast food comprises high calories. If you truly want this superfood to work, you must take huge quantities. The majority of the items sold in food outlets include a high quantity of fats, sugar, and are full of calories. It's also cheaper to get combos at fast food branches than to get an established meal from normal restaurants. It because in the drink there's lots of sugar. Fast food are usually fatty food made out of excessive oil and additives like salt and sugar, meaning a massive quantity of calorie is present. So as to cook fast, an excessive amount of oil is necessary. The procedure for preparing the quick food utilizing fat deep frying makes the food gets oily. Absolutely free Fast Food Nation Topics essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Unfortunately a quick food essay is something that you should complete if you're to score great grades in school so there's not any way around handing it in. The speedy food essay deals with a variety of issues on some of which you may concentrate on your work. Okay, you own a topic, a working thesis statement, and a couple quick food articles to begin your research. Naturally, whether your essay is going to be a success or failure is based on the topic you pick. The project first produced a taxonomy of vital voices (the most common Japanese food Instagrammers) and key narratives (by taking a look at the most well-known hashtags) in order to spot the dominant food media discourses. To begin writing your assignment you would want to encounter an interesting and promising topic. These, together with the other findings and data, are the kinds of food topics and data CommonGround volunteers wish to engage American moms in to offer factual details. How to Get Started with Fast Food Topics Essay? These days, the American Veal Association has decide on a strategy to get rid of using crates by 2017. The fast food business has always lowered rates and increased portion size because of falling profits but this type of advertising no longer works and will get the job done even less later on. In the world today, everything changes so quickly that it's sometimes challenging to select a topic which will be both interesting and relevant to the vast majority of your readers. Sleep deprivation in big cities is a famous problem, and people are gradually getting more conscious of the significance of sleep. For instance, speedy food and the way that it affects people's lives is among the problems that are hotly debated nowadays. Imagine that you're a quick food executive attempting to branch out into a new nation. Oliver's new channel is just one of 60 European channels that received sizeable advances to create original content for the website. Conclusion Currently speedy food is consumed by many young men and women, especially children in the United Kingdom. Type two diabetes was the seventh top cause of death in the usa in 2013 (and could be underreported). In the long term, very good health is more important. Take your health to a different level with the many advantages of chlorealla. Additionally, the quick food ingredients have low nutrient values like low superior carbohydrates and superior degree of saturated fat. Eating lots of food which has high carbohydrates like bun and rice can lead to diabetes. Apart from being really versatile and tasty, fermented foods can be great for the wellness of your gut. They contain all kinds of healthy bacteria, also known as probiotics.

The Philosophy of Community Policing - 710 Words

Community policing is a philosophy. It uses organizational strategies that support the use of partnerships and problem solving techniques to address issues of public safety.Community-oriented policing is collaboration between the community, organizations within the community, and the police that identify and solve community problems. Police officers work with the community to help solve problems related to crime, fear of crime, social and physical disorder, and neighborhood conditions. They do this to enhance the safety and quality of neighborhoods. Officers spend time in these neighborhoods getting to know the residents and business owners by talking to them about the problems that the community is facing or individuals who are causing problems. They are responsible for reducing crime in their beats. There are several law enforcement agencies that have incorporated community-oriented policing programs as a part of their philosophy. The key element to community policing is crime prevention. Memphis police department and Pasadena police department have formed partnerships with their communities to help in reducing recidivism. Each of these agencies has several community policing programs that they have established to improve the quality of life for their citizens. Memphis and Pasadena have a program that is targeted for juveniles. Memphis’s is a Community Outreach Program (C.O.P.) that was developed to reduce juvenile violence. Pasadena’s came up with the diversion program,Show MoreRelatedImplementing Different Policing Strategies773 Words   |  3 PagesPolice agencies all over the world implement different policing strategies in accordance with the purpose. Community policing is one of the philosophy in which most of the countries effectively working with it. Accor ding to U. S. 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Though it has been used, the question on whether or not it is an effective style of policing still remains. Of the many policing strategies that have been used, Broken Windows Policing is one that has remained questionable when it comes to its effectivenessRead MoreEssay about Community Policing1361 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Policing What is community policing? According to The Committee on Law and Justice, Community policing (problem-oriented policing, neighborhood-oriented policing or community-oriented policing) is a policing strategy and philosophy based on the notion that community interaction and support can help control crime, with community members helping to identify suspects, detain vandals and bring problems to the attention of police. One of the most effective means of involving the communityRead MorePolice Enforcement And The Security Of The Virtual City Police Department1280 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This essay is an examination of community policing as it relates to the interests of the Virtual City Police Department. Advances in technology has changed police work, officers are incorporating technology and sophisticated investigative techniques to solve crimes. This essay will focus on the pros and cons of community policing in a modern society, where police officers must rely more on technology and forensics than citizens to solve crimes and apprehend criminals. Read MorePolice Academy Training Program Must Go Beyond Arrest Procedures1370 Words   |  6 Pagescircumstances (Kelling, Wasserman, Williams, 1988). Much police academy training is undermined in the field. For this reason, a change to community policing philosophy and its subsequent organizational changes must be trained to senior members of the department. The Field Training Officer (FTO) program needs to be modified to put an emphasis on COP philosophy including ethical problem solving and decision-making (Overman, 1994). Research has illustrated that properly trained and motivated officersRead MoreToday s Modern Policing System Essay865 Words   |  4 Pagesestablished in Boston. Although, very different from America s first watch, today s modern policing system is a story of evolution. The process progressed from an idea of reacting to crime once it had already occurred, to a more preventative police force designed to deter crime from happening. For sixty years, beginning in the 1930s, United States law enforcement relied on a professional policing model. This model was based on an ordered structure and quick response times. This model improvedRead MoreToday s Modern Policing System866 Words   |  4 Pagesestablished in Boston. Although, very different from America s first watch, today s modern policing system is a story of evolution. The process progressed from an idea of reacting to crime once it had already occurred, to a more preventative police force designed to deter crime from happening. For sixty years, beginning in the 1930s, United States law enforcement relied on a professional policing model. This model was based on an ordered structure and quick response times. This model improvedRead MorePolice Enforcement And Community Policing1657 Words   |  7 Pages Over the past few decades community policing has become a new trend in law enforcement. A majority of contemporary police departments now claim to use community policing. Community policing builds on basic policing practices with an emphasis on crime prevention and lasting solutions to problems. Community policing was established in the 1970s, but did not become popular until the 1990s. The goal of community policing is to rebuild the bond between citizens and police officers, while at the same

Beowulf Fact or Fiction free essay sample

The poem of Beowulf proves to be a controversial topic as to whether It Is fact or fiction. Although Beowulf consists of ferocious monsters, glorious heroes and other fictional assets, there is much evidence that points toward a much more factual interpretation. Proof of fact comes from many archaeological findings which are thought to be dated to the same time and location of when and where this old poem was thought to originate. This evidence of fact has come from findings of grave ships, any violently murdered people, and structural findings of the old hall. In Beowulf, there was a unique warrior burial ritual they would do. The person who was killed would be laid to rest In a ship. This ship would be set out to sea and burned with the body and all of their own valuables Inside. This was done as a sign of seriousness and loss in the importance of a persons life. We will write a custom essay sample on Beowulf: Fact or Fiction? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shockingly, evidence of of the ships described in Beowulf were discovered underground. They are believed to be dated jack to the time in which Beowulf was written. A certain ship held proof of many valuables of an unknown king which resembled many treasures mentioned in the poem . The findings of these grave ships are a significant discover in the evidential conclusion that Beowulf has some underlying truth to it. Other remarkable discoveries were made such as brutally murdered bodies. These bodies were found face down with broken necks: some were even beheaded. This coincidentally resembled the bodies that were violently murdered in Beowulf. In real life, it is thought that Beowulf may have been related to the event of a king who tried to set an example to the kingdom by killing people who went against him, The unsettling discovery of these mangled skeletons points toward Beowulf being more factual than fiction. As archaeologists continued their searches they ultimately stumbled upon evidence of a structure that once stood thousands of years ago. Although, this structure had rotted away over the years, it is believed to have significant relation to Beowulf. This Truckee is thought to be the gathering hall that exists time and time again throughout the poem. Due to time. The only thing that was found were the location posts of the large hall that once stood. This finding along with others has proved truth to Beowulf. The findings of many archaeological evidence such as grave ships, brutally murdered people, and the finding of hall posts point toward fact in Beowulf. Although, fictional assets may be present in the poem; there is much more factual meaning that lie behind the fictional tale. Beowulf: Fact or Fiction? By flyspecked 6 The poem of Beowulf proves to be a controversial topic as to whether it is fact or would be laid to rest in a ship. This ship would be set out to sea and burned with the body and all of their own valuables inside. This was done as a sign of seriousness bodies were found face down with broken necks; some were even beheaded. This to set an example to the kingdom by killing people who went against him. The throughout the poem. Due to time, the only thing that was found were the location

Top 5 Schools for Gamers in the US

Top 5 Schools for Gamers in the US Have you ever dreamed of a hobby becoming your profession? Your parents may not believe that you can get a scholarship for college for playing your favorite video game at night. It does sound fantastic but it’s absolutely true! If you are an avid gamer dreaming to turn your passion into the future profession – welcome the list of top 5 schools offering you such a possibility. â€Å"Button-enter† yourself into the college of your dreams! Robert Morris University It is probably one of the most surprising Universities, located in Chicago. They are pioneers in the whole academic gaming society in the country, offering the athletic scholarship for eSports. Do you have a great passion for League of Legends? Then you’ll be feeling the whole here. The University offers gamers to compete on varsity squad – the Robert Morris Eagles and save 50 percent on the tuition, room and board fees. It’s an eSport, remember? Gamer ware the real sport team uniforms playing in front of the 24-inch HD monitor! University of Washington The Critical Gaming Project, including students and professors, forms a unique gaming society in UW. The community holds a stunning variety of gaming events, organizes special courses and promotes studies of the video games. If you are planning on making a career in video game development, start collecting documents for entering UW. Hampshire College You probably haven’t heard much about this tiny college but its gaming facilities will knock you over. Students have access to bazillion titles for Xbox and PlayStation in a library. Though, it is not only about having fun and recreation. There are great computer clusters that students can use for learning and designing video games and various physical simulations. Champlain College Game design program in Champlain College is considered to be of the best in the whole country.   The college has an amazing variety of game designing, graphics and animation classes providing a sufficient knowledge in creating video games. Students take part in the Montreal International Game Summit (MIGS) and have a chance to get internship in the best game companies. Do you love to hang out with other gamers, puzzle over game design and eat pizza? Check out the MIGS and don’t lose a chance to get in Champlain College. University of Texas Austin Austin is on the front line of the technology boost and gaming development. The well-known Texas eSport Association was formed right here. It has an outstanding network of collaborating gamers from all around the US and Canada. In 2016 they hosted more than 130 gamers playing Hearthstone, Dota 2, Osu and Starcraft II. UT Austin offers a great opportunity to build a great career in video game development and designing. Besides the TeSPA, there are other great gaming groups taking off, such as: Pockemon Club, the Doujin Clud and many others. Take It All into Your Hands The society rarely accepts things that go beyond the usual order of things. Thus, parents and friends may not take seriously your intentions to pursue gaming career. Unless, you feel that it’s your call of duty go for it! Do not interpret it as dream that is out of range. Your hobby can get you a scholarship or a great career opportunity. Why not to take the advantage of it. If you cannot imagine your life without gaming, turn the hobby into the serious profession and become a real gamer!

Moving and Handling Essays

Moving and Handling Essays Moving and Handling Essay Moving and Handling Essay The anatomy which is the physical construction of the organic structure and the physiology which is the normal maps of the organic structure assist us to travel our limbs. Muscles work like departers and this allow the castanetss at a joint to work like flexible joints. When traveling person it is of import to retrieve that the musculuss can merely travel the joint every bit far as the bone will let them. When traveling an person you must take into history if they have any conditions that get particular traveling techniques. Here are a few illustrations ; Persons with Parkinson’s may hold limb rigidness which can impact their ability of motion and cause restrictions. When traveling the single into different places you must do certain to coerce the stiff limbs as this can do farther hurting and uncomfortableness. Persons that have had a shot frequently have long-run and lay waste toing failing down one side of their organic structure. When traveling that single you must be cognizant of the extent of the shot and on which side of the organic structure has been effected. 1. 2 Describe the impact of specific conditions on the right motion and placement of an person. If you have person who has had a shot this may do them to free the usage of their limbs which mean that it is of import to retrieve that you dress the bad side foremost and discase it last. This is so you are non drawing their musculuss in the way they won’t go. If an person has a break. the motion must be soft and careful. and the right process must be followed. so as to cut down any complications to the break. If an person is bed-bound. the right hoist and sling must be used. When staff adhere to the appropriate moving techniques. it will cut down the hazards of back hurt 2. 1 Describe how statute law and agreed ways of working affect working patterns related to traveling and positioning persons Every clip attention workers move or support an person they are executing manual handling on that person. Harmonizing to the Health and Safety Executive ( HSE ) 50 % of all reported accidents are from the Health and Social sector and in peculiar with traveling and managing. To cut down the sum of accidents and hurt. there is statute law in topographic point to protect everybody. Here are a few illustrations of statute laws ; L. O. L. E. R. Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. These statute laws are in topographic point to do certain it is a legal demand for employers to do certain the wellness. safety and public assistance of their employees is maintained and for employees to hold a responsibility of attention for themselves and others. There are several cardinal pieces of statute law that relate to moving and positioning’ which need to be considered during your work environment. The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 ( known as MHOR ) are designed specifically to extinguish or cut down a manual handling hazard to an acceptable degree. Raising Operationss and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 ( known as LOLER ) has specific demands associating to work equipment which is used for raising and take downing people or tonss. It requires an employer to guarantee that raising equipment is positioned or installed to forestall hazard of hurt and sufficiently strong. stable and suited for intent. Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 ( known as PUWER ) ensures that the equipment employers provide is suited for the purpose. safe for usage. merely used by people who have been trained to make so. and maintained in a safe status. The Workplace ( Health. Safety and Welfare ) Regulations 1992 ( known as WHSWR ) guarantee employers provide suited on the job conditions for their employees. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. cis-assessment. co. uk/docs/pdf/wb/St8_wkb. pdf Ask your supervisor or director about the wellness and safety policies and processs in your work topographic point. 2. Health and safety hazard appraisals 2. 1 Know why it is of import to measure wellness and safety hazards posed by the work scene or state of affairs or by peculiar activities The intent of measuring hazard is to guarantee the wellness. safety. public assistance and security of staff. persons and the wider community. The jurisprudence requires a hazard appraisal to be carried out about the environment in which you provide back up for persons every bit good as for the undertakings you undertake. These enable you to cut down or take any hazards. You will necessitate to do certain you know where these hazard appraisals are kept for each person. Hazards that are identified will inform the manner in which you work with persons. Risk appraisal is about doing determinations. which are logical. realistic and legal. Hazards can alter depending on the fortunes over brief or long periods of clip. hence risk appraisal and hazard direction will be capable to frequent reappraisal. The Risk Assessment and Management Plan should be within the attention plans for the persons you are back uping. Ensure you read this and if any alterations need to be made consult with the in dividual responsible for doing those alterations. The undermentioned counsel is taken from the HSE cusp called Five Stairss to Risk Assessment . Step 1 Identify the jeopardies Measure 2 De

Developing Students Creativity and Self-Expression through Crayons

Developing Students Creativity and Self-Expression through Crayons Crayons are brilliant, versatile, and economical coloring instruments that most school-age children are familiar with. Art sessions in grade school, for example, intends to nourish creativity and self-expression in children by introducing art tools and materials such as a paintbrush, scissors, paint, clay, crayons, colored papers, and others. Creative Possibilities with Crayons Crayons are used by middle-school students to draw colored shapes and in the process develop some creative skills they can use to express themselves. Students are humans with a natural desire to use their hands and materials as vehicles for artistic expression thus often welcome art creation opportunities. Activities such as â€Å"Crayon Melting† where students create a self-initiated art design using heated wax crayons and paper is a common classroom-based activity. Art classes expand student experiences through  collaboration, two-way communication, and appreciation of each student’s talent. It encourages the growth of visual awareness and skills to develop aesthetic understanding, coordination, concentration, and self-esteem. REMEMBERING OUR FIRST STAGE OF EDUCATION Similar to pencil, chalk, paint, and others, crayons provide opportunities for students to express and communicate their interpretation of the world around them. For instance, they can observe a plant, a tree, or a piece of fruit and draw an image according to their personal representation of that object.  Painting objects with crayons enable children to learn to mix colors, take responsibility for the art tool and image and develop their understanding of different media. Activities in art classes help children learn to use their imagination and express their ideas through art, sharpened their visual expression skills, create meaning by linking text and image and develop their presentation skills. Making Good Use of Quality Crayons Poor quality crayons often result in tears and frustration among young school children. This is because the resulting color of poor quality crayons is often not exact and cannot be combined to form new colors. Wax from a good quality crayons cannot be scratch off from the paper, they intermixed well with the pigment and produced with equally combined pigment and wax. Good quality crayon boxes with few colors are sufficient enough to produce colorful work of art as you can mix them to form new colors. For instance, putting a layer of yellow over a blue area will result to vivid green. Thick crayons are preferred over the thin ones as they do not break easily. Similarly, using only a few pieces of crayons encourage experimentation, creativity, and application of different crayon techniques. For example, crayon boxes with few color encourage mixing of colors to produce desired color, use of both pointed and broad crayon side, and greater use of students’ imagination. Crayons are not limited to drawing on paper as they can be used to draw images in many types of surfaces such as cardboards, paper gift boxes, food trays, sandpaper, and others with interest effect. †Crayon rubbing†, a technique to pick up the texture of a surface on paper by rubbing it with the side of a peeled crayon, is an enjoyable art class activity where students experiment and produce artworks from walls, leaves, bricks, and other surfaces. Another is â€Å"Crayon resist†, a technique that gives the feeling of a night picture by drawing a picture on paper with crayons, pressing hard and painting the surrounding area with dark-colored tempera paint diluted in water.

Week7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week7 - Assignment Example The package, which is a small white box, holds the plastic container at an upright and tight position, preventing it from spilling or crushing due to sudden impact that can occur mostly when the products are being transported. The package represents a beehive and the ridges embossed on it represent planks of wood that are joined together by nails that appear as dots on the box. The box is embossed with the Klein Constantia symbol, which informs consumers that the Knees Bees is a product of Klein Constantia. The bee appearing on the diecut slit on the box invites the consumers to open the package, which also contain images of bees and small diecut bees at the base of the container, which denotes that inside the container is a factual honeycomb. The image of the bee on the outer surface of the packages, those inside the container and the small diecut bees at the base of the box easily informs the consumer that the packaged product has some association with bees. The consumer can easily interpret this to mean that the product inside the container is honey; this is because honey is the most common product that is produced by

What happens to a monopolys revenue when it sells more units of its Essay

What happens to a monopolys revenue when it sells more units of its product - Essay Example pure monopoly in this world of increased consumer awareness and consumer protection, but a close example can be utilities such as water, electricity etc. in a country or Microsoft in the personal computer market. Since there is only one supplier in the monopoly market, therefore the demand curve of the single supplier is the market demand curve. The monopolist will set his quantity at a level where the incremental revenue earned by selling one unit, i.e. marginal revenue is equal to the marginal cost, i.e. incremental cost of producing one extra unit. The price will be set equivalent to the average revenue at that quantity. Lack of competition allows the monopolist to earn an economic profit. This is shown graphically on the next page. When the number of units sold increases the revenue increases; primarily because the supplier is the only one in the market and there is little option available to the consumers. However, as the price increases, the elasticity of demand for the product increases (becomes more elastic; as shown by the demand curve D) and the demand starts to decline more than proportionately to the change in price. If the decline in demand is more than the increase in price, then the seller’s revenue would decrease. Given the income distribution in a society, there is a limit to the number of units that can be sold at a high price and if the seller intends to sell more units, then he must lower the price of the

E. Major Issues and Concerns Essay Example for Free

E. Major Issues and Concerns Essay Our world is richer than ever before, but it is also marked by enormous inequalities, both within and between countries. The average annual income of someone living in the world’s richest country, Luxembourg, is more than one hundred times larger than that of the average citizen of Sierra Leone, one of the world’s poorest. Such huge differences in living standards should be a matter of great concern, because they reflect serious inequalities in life opportunities. This calls for a robust policy response at both the national and international levels, so that all countries can achieve the Millennium Development Goals and other agreed development objectives (United Nations, Economic and Social Development Affairs, â€Å"2006† iii) . The process of globalization has not yet closed the income gap between poor and rich countries. On the contrary, the way in which world markets operate has been an important contributing factor to the rise in global income inequality. Richer countries, for instance, tend to have preferential access to capital markets, to attract more foreign direct investment, and to be more resilient than poorer countries in responding to shifts in global commodity markets. Efforts to reduce global inequality can promote growth and stability, and can help avert economic and social crises and even political instability. Part of the observed growth divergence is attributable to gaps in public investment in, and spending on, infrastructure and human development in these countries. Investments in infrastructure and human capital are necessary for growth. i) The need for improved infrastructure An adequate level of infrastructure is a necessary condition for the productivity of firms. It is difficult to imagine an economy without telephones, electricity or a road network. By its very nature, infrastructure is characterized by indivisibilities and countries will need to build up a threshold or minimum level of infrastructure (say, a minimum network of roads) to make a difference for economy-wide productivity growth. To reach that threshold, countries will need to sustain substantial public investment levels over prolonged periods of time. The failure to do so explains partly why Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa have fallen behind the East Asian countries that have sustained infrastructural investment. East Asian economies invested more in the quality and coverage of physical infrastructure. In sharp contrast, Latin American countries have witnessed a decline in infrastructural investment since the 1980s as a result of increased fiscal austerity. This has led to significant differences in the quality and availability of infrastructure. Since the 1960s, the road density in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa has barely increased, while it has tripled in East Asia. Also, the availability of telephone lines in East Asia is twice as great as that in Latin America and 10 times greater than in sub-Saharan Africa. The empirical evidence indicates that lagging infrastructural development could account for as much as one third of the widening income differentials between East Asian and Latin American countries during the 1980s and 1990s. ii) Human development Some empirical studies suggest that developing countries could catch up with the developed world if only they attained increased levels of human development. The links between growth and human development are complex, however. There are large disparities in indicators of human well-being, such as life expectancy and educational attainment. However, the world has seen more convergence among countries in terms of improvements in health and education outcomes than in terms of improvements in per capita incomes. The evidence in this report indicates that countries with a successful economic growth performance all had relatively high levels of human development at the beginning of their sustained growth process and showed substantial improvements in education and health as average incomes improved. Conversely, however, not all countries with relatively higher levels of human development managed to achieve high long-term economic growth rates. Human development is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for sustained economic growth. Lifting other constraints on economic growth and structural change will be necessary to create opportunities for a better-educated population. The dynamic creation of decent and productive employment is the crucial link in this regard. Recently President Bush unveiled a broad proposal to boost US economic competitiveness by injecting more than 136 billion dollars into research and education over the next decade. The programme would promote the private-sector investment in innovation and strive to make US children better in mathematics and science. The initiative is aimed at strengthening US economic leadership in the face of growing competition from countries like China and India. The President said that â€Å"The American economy is pre-eminent — but we cannot afford to be complacent,† (CNN). In fact, no economy can afford to be complacent when it comes to supporting the fundamental cause of education and human development.

Alcoholism and Drinking - Alcoholics Anonymous as an Important Literary

Alcoholics Anonymous as an Important Literary Work Alcoholics Anonymous is one of the great unrecognized literary works of the first half of the twentieth century.   It has been through three editions after its first printing in 1939 and at least fifty-three printings in over ninety countries (xxii).   The wide popularity and circulation of the book certainly affirms this claim.   An examination of the contents of the book will show that it also deserves this title.   It is a rich work because it conveys a basic human condition, though ugly, until that time not often spoken of in public.   If it simply did this and nothing more it would merely be a good book.   But it does more than speak to an ugly condition; it gives a blueprint for change.      The human condition which is spoken about in Alcoholics Anonymous is the dichotomy of the life of the alcoholic.   These alcoholics are not easy to categorize; they are not always a Dr Jekyll by day and Mr Hyde by night.   Bill, who explains his life story in the first chapter, explains how he studied economics, business and law to join speculators on Wall Street.   Up until this point, drinking had interfered in his life, but was not a continuous plague.   Yet, over the course of time he becomes an alcoholic for a variety of reasons, like many individuals described throughout the book.   The alcoholics described are not portrayed as unintelligent, unsuccessful or insignificant.   They are men who have high positions, who are by turns "brilliant, fast-thinking, imaginative and likeable" (139).   The conclusion of a prima facie inspection of these individuals would not include over indulgence of alcohol.   But under the alcoholic influence these attributes worthy of no te slowly atrophy and... ...the book is flexible enough to be implemented in other ways is the indication that it is a book of stature.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, one cannot easily undermine the experience of those who have read the book and changed.   These are the ones who will agree most wholeheartedly with the assertion that Alcoholics Anonymous is a great unrecognized literary work.   Indeed, these individuals are the evidence of this assertion as well.  Ã‚      Bibliography    Alcoholics Anonymous conveys not a singular story, but stories - ones common to alcoholics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story common to alcoholics is one also shared by wives, family members, employers, and so forth.   Thus Alcoholics Anonymous is not just a book for alcoholics but also for those who come into contact with them.   The audience of    "matters medical, psychiatric, social, and religious" (19).     

Explication: the gift

This poem is written in free verse, separated into four stanzas each with a varying number of lines and syllables. There is no precise rhyming pattern, but there Is a pattern within the usage of words. The speaker uses bodily words such as palm, hands, face, and head at the ends of lines In the second stanza when describing, In the literal form, when the speaker Is talking about the experience he went through getting the metal sliver pulled from his palm.The speaker repeats those words when he Is describing performing the same process on his wife; remaining Just as calm ND tender as his father was with him. This poem follows a sequence of events, almost Like a timeline. This Is true for the literal reading as well as the metaphorical reading of the poem. The â€Å"gift† that Is passed down from the speakers father to him, and then utilized on his wife, Is a life lesson. At the age of seven, the speaker takes mental notes of his father and the actions that he made, and uses the m when he Is about 20 years older.This poem acts as the path the speaker had to take to get where he is today. The entire poem follows a route; gradually the speaker goes wrought life learning from his father. This has one exception: the third stanza. This stanza, directly in the middle of the poem, acts as a dividing line between the younger and older years of the speakers' life. It has 7 lines, (also the age of the speaker in the beginning) and it also doesn't really flow in the poem.The 2 stanzas prior talk about what happened to him when he was 7, and then the last line of the 3rd stanza and the last stanza talk about life when the speaker was approximately 20 years older. In my opinion this was a smart decision to have these sections divided cause it shows how there is a difference between learning something and using it to your advantage later on. The central metaphor for this poem is that the â€Å"gift† that the speakers' father passes down to him is a life lesson. Th e speaker learns this lesson at an early age and uses it throughout the rest of his life.The â€Å"metal splinter† is a problem that the speaker has faced once when he was a child and that his wife faced later on. The gift that his father passes onto him is the solution to that returning problem. His father teaches him the solution to this obviously important problem and cherishes it. When the speaker says, â€Å"l did what a child does/ when he's given something to keep,† it's clear that the speakers' father wanted his son to have and use this lesson as much as the speaker wanted to be seen as an Image of his father.Explication: the gift BY Nannette Explication #2 â€Å"The Gift† By Lie-Young Lee number of lines and syllables. There is no precise rhyming pattern, but there is a hands, face, and head at the ends of lines in the second stanza when describing, in he literal form, when the speaker is talking about the experience he went through he is describing per forming the same process on his wife; remaining Just as calm almost like a timeline.This is true for the literal reading as well as the metaphorical reading of the poem. The â€Å"gift† that is passed down from the speaker's father to him, and then utilized on his wife, is a life lesson. At the age of seven, the speaker takes mental notes of his father and the actions that he made, and uses them when he is and use this lesson as much as the speaker wanted to be seen as an image of his

The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the United States

This year, it was estimated that at least 500,000 people in the United States have already died of AIDS since the disease first surfaced in the 1980s. This figure was said to be the equivalent of the entire population of Las Vegas. In 2008, meanwhile, there were at least 1 million people in the US who are living with HIV/AIDS.What is dangerous is that about a fifth of them do not know they have the disease. Such ignorance worsens the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the US by greatly increasing the risk of onward transmission (AVERT n. pag.).Experts pointed out that despite these alarming statistics, the US government’s efforts towards HIV prevention and treatment remained unsuccessful. For one, stigma and discrimination towards HIV-positive individuals continue to persist.In addition, thousands of uninsured Americans still do not have access to necessary health services such as antiretroviral therapy. As a result, the country’s HIV/AIDS epidemic keeps on claiming more lives â€⠀œ approximately 56,000 Americans are infected with HIV every year (AVERT n. pag.).Contrary to stereotypes, HIV/AIDS affects all sectors of American society. The misconception that the disease affects only homosexuals and drug dependents stemmed from the fact that in the early years of the epidemic, majority of HIV-positive individuals in the US were homosexuals, intravenous drug users, hemophiliacs and Haitian immigrants.However, the demographics of people living with HIV/AIDS have changed over the succeeding years. At present, sectors including heterosexual whites, African-Americans and Hispanics are already vulnerable to the ailment (AVERT n. pag.).As of 2007, African-Americans constituted about 12% of the total population of the US. But an estimated 49% of them were diagnosed with HIV in the same year. Health experts consider this to be very ironic, given that several well-known African-Americans such as anchorman Max Robinson, tennis player Arthur Ashe and rapper Eazy-E died of AIDS in the 1980s and the 1990s.But neither are they surprised – denial of the existence of HIV/AIDS still persists among African-Americans. This forswearing stems from the fact that among African-Americans, openly talking about sensitive subjects like sexuality, premarital sex and drug use are still seen as taboo (AVERT n. pag.).Although there has been a decline in the overall number of AIDS-related deaths in the US at the start of the 21st century, AIDS-related deaths among Hispanics during this period remained relatively stable. Hispanics made up about 19% of the country’s total population in 2007, but around 15% of this figure is believed to be living with AIDS.Health experts attribute this situation to language barriers, social structures, migration patterns and lack of regular health care services (AVERT n. pag.). These factors expose Hispanics to high-risk behaviors that will ultimately lead to AIDS, such as unprotected sex and drug abuse.Despite the fact that no sector of American society is safe from HIV/AIDS, homosexuals remain to be one of the most vulnerable groups. In 2007, about two-thirds of male adolescents and adults who were diagnosed with HIV were homosexuals.This figure was said to be the result of unprotected sex among an increasing number of homosexuals. According to experts, most homosexuals are complacent about condom use because they believe in the misconception that antiretroviral drugs cure HIV/AIDS.This erroneous belief is not without fatal consequences – it was estimated in 2008 that HIV/AIDS diagnoses among homosexuals between 2001 and 2006 increased by 8.6% (AVERT n. pag.).Critics pointed out that the US government did not spend enough money on HIV/AIDS prevention measures. In October 2007, Congress reduced the country’s federal AIDS prevention budget for the 2008 fiscal year by $692 million (the reduction was initially announced as $3 million) – a move that would further keep cheap and or free antiretroviral drugs out of reach of indigent AIDS patients (AVERT n. pag.).Furthermore, the US refused to cooperate with the United Nations in the latter’s programs to curb the spread of HIV/AIDS. The US, for instance, blocked the UN’s anti-HIV/AIDS program of providing drug dependents access to clean needles.Officials at the US State Department justified this decision by arguing that this program might be misinterpreted as an endorsement of drug abuse by providing dependents with a place to inject drugs (GlobalHealthReporting.org n. pag.).Simply put, the US believes that the only way for drug dependents to avoid HIV/AIDS is to completely abstain from drugs. But studies show that a drug dependent will undergo relapse at least four times before becoming fully rehabilitated (DrugLibrary.org n. pag.).The UN’s point in launching the anti-HIV/AIDS program is that while drug dependents are ridding themselves of their habit, steps might as well be taken to ensure tha t they are healthy. After all, what is the point of getting rehabilitated from drug abuse when one ends up HIV-positive afterwards?How is the US currently dealing with the HIV/AIDS epidemic in its own turf? For one, not all schools in the country provide HIV/AIDS education. Those that do adopt a curriculum that falls into one of the following categories – abstinence-only, abstinence-plus or comprehensive.As a result, students are provided incomplete and even inaccurate information about HIV/AIDS. Even schools that provide the most comprehensive HIV/AIDS education reportedly fail to provide or gloss over important information (AVERT n. pag.).In the end, it is still the young people who pay the heaviest price for such errors. Their ignorance about HIV/AIDS renders them vulnerable to the disease when they start having sexual relations later in life as adults.It also doesn’t help that whatever information they will learn about HIV/AIDS are mostly in the form of myths †“ HIV could be transmitted from kissing, HIV is small enough to pass through the pores in latex condoms, only homosexuals could acquire the disease, etc. (AVERT n. pag.)In addition, the US government focused so much on encouraging as many people as possible to undergo HIV testing that they failed to inform people regarding guidelines surrounding the procedure. In busy clinics and hospitals, for instance, patients â€Å"may not be properly informed that they are being tested for HIV or that they have the right to refuse the test† (AVERT n. pag.).Formalities such as the need for written consent and lengthy pre-test prevention counseling also discourage people from taking HIV testing (AVERT n. pag.). Furthermore, health experts failed to recognize social and cultural factors behind a patient’s reluctance to undergo HIV testing.Ethnic minorities in the US must be educated about HIV/AIDS in such a manner that their religious and or cultural sensibilities are recognized â €“ before lecturing African-Americans about practicing safe sex, for instance, they must first be given the assurance that openly discussing sex is not shameful as their culture dictates.If the US wants to put a stop to its HIV/AIDS epidemic, it must first put an end to its inconsistent and shortsighted anti-HIV/AIDS measures. All schools must be required to provide comprehensive HIV/AIDS education to its students. â€Å"Comprehensive HIV/AIDS education,† however, means complete and objective information about the disease.Students are provided options on how to avoid HIV/AIDS, whether through abstinence or through condoms.Second, the US government must spend more money on health care services for AIDS patients and for HIV/AIDS research. Studies show that as long as they have consistent access to proper health care services, AIDS patients can still live long and healthy lives despite their illness.Lastly, public health and social workers must educate people about HIV/AIDS in such a manner that their personal, religious and or cultural concerns about the disease are addressed. People must be given the assurance that openly discussing HIV/AIDS, sexuality and other related topics does not make them promiscuous.Indeed, what makes HIV/AIDS a very sensitive subject is that discussing it touches other taboo subjects such as drug use and sex. But in the context of the disease, ignorance kills. People may hide in stereotypes, but HIV/AIDS does not. HIV/AIDS asks only one thing: â€Å"Are you human?†

Electron Domain Definition and VSEPR Theory

Electron Domain Definition and VSEPR Theory In chemistry, the electron domain refers to the number of lone pairs or bond locations around a particular atom in a molecule. Electron domains may also be called electron groups.  Bond location is independent of whether the bond is a single, double, or triple bond. Key Takeaways: Electron Domain An atoms electron domain is the number of lone pairs or chemical bond locations that surround it. It represents the number of locations expected to contain electrons.By knowing the electron domain of each atom in a molecule, you can predict its geometry. This is because electrons distribute around an atom to minimize repulsion with one another.Electron repulsion is not the only factor that affects molecular geometry. Electrons are attracted to positively charged nuclei. The nuclei, in turn, repel each other. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory Imagine tying two balloons together at the ends. The balloons automatically repel one another. Add a third balloon, and the same thing happens so that the tied ends form an equilateral triangle. Add a fourth balloon, and the tied ends reorient themselves into a tetrahedral shape. The same phenomenon occurs with electrons. Electrons repel one another, so when they are placed near one another, they automatically organize themselves into a shape that minimizes repulsions among them. This phenomenon is described as VSEPR, or Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion. Electron domain is used in VSEPR theory to determine the molecular geometry of a molecule. The convention is to indicate the number of bonding electron pairs by the capital letter X, the number of lone electron pairs by the capital letter E, and the capital letter A for the central atom of the molecule (AXnEm). When predicting molecular geometry, keep in mind the electrons generally try to maximize distance from each other but they are influenced by other forces, such as the proximity and size of a positively-charged nucleus. For example, CO2 has two electron domains around the central carbon atom. Each double bond counts as one electron domain. Relating Electron Domains to Molecular Shape The number of electron domains indicates the number of places you can expect to find electrons around a central atom. This, in turn, relates to the expected geometry of a molecule. When the electron domain arrangement is used to describe around the central atom of a molecule, it may be called the molecules electron domain geometry. The arrangement of atoms in space is the molecular geometry. Examples of molecules, their electron domain geometry, and molecular geometry include: AX2 - The two-electron domain structure produces a linear molecule with electron groups 180 degrees apart. An example of a molecule with this geometry is CH2CCH2, which has two H2C-C bonds forming a 180-degree angle. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is another linear molecule, consisting of two O-C bonds that are 180 degrees apart.AX2E and AX2E2 - If there are two electron domains and one or two  lone electron pair, the molecule can have a bent geometry. Lone electron pairs make a major contribution to the shape of a molecule. If there is one lone pair, the result is a trigonal planar shape, while two lone pairs produce a tetrahedral shape.AX3 - The three electron domain system describes a trigonal planar geometry of a molecule where four atoms are arranged to form triangles with respect to each other. The angles add up to 360 degrees. An example of a molecule with this configuration is boron trifluoride (BF3), which has three F-B bonds, each forming 120-degree angles. Using Electron Domains to Find Molecular Geometry To predict the molecular geometry using the VSEPR model: Sketch the Lewis structure of the ion or molecule.Arrange the electron domains around the central atom to minimize repulsion.Count the total number of electron domains.Use the angular arrangement of the chemical bonds between the atoms to determine the molecular geometry. Keep in mind, multiple bonds (i.e., double bonds, triple bonds) count as one electron domain. In other words, a double bond is one domain, not two. Sources Jolly, William L. Modern Inorganic Chemistry. McGraw-Hill College, June 1, 1984. Petrucci, Ralph H. General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications.  F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, et al., 11th Edition, Pearson, February 29, 2016.

Basic Guide to Using Spanish Adverbs

Basic Guide to Using Spanish Adverbs Like adjectives, adverbs are words that often are used to provide needed details in speech and writing. Although we could make grammatically complete sentences without them, we would be severely limited in what we could convey. Spanish adverbs are much like their English counterparts. There are at least two ways in which you can define what adverbs are: Words that tell us when, how or where the action or process in a sentence takes place.Words that modify or limit the meaning of a verb, adjective, adverb or entire sentence. A look at the examples below should make clear what types of words were talking about. As in English, most adverbs are derived from adjectives. In Spanish, most adverbs that are derived from adjectives end in -mente, just as in English most end in -ly. Following are the most common types of adverbs. Spanish Adverbs Examples Adverbs of manner: Adverbs of manner are the most common and are used in a wide variety of situations, as they tell how something is done. In Spanish, they typically come after the verbs they modify. Estudia bien. (She studies well.)Canta mal. (He sings poorly.)Conduce lentamente. (He drives slowly.)Me abrazà ³ carià ±osamente. (She affectionately hugged me.)Leo mucho. (I read a lot.) Intensifiers and modifiers: These serve to make the adverb or adjective they modify either more or less intense. They come before the words they modify. Estoy muy cansada. (I am very tired.)Es poco inteligente. (He is not very intelligent.)Est ms borracho. (He is quite drunk.) Point of view adverbs: These adverbs modify an entire sentence and evaluate it. Although they usually come at the beginning of a sentence, they dont have to. Quizs à ©l tenga miedo. (Perhaps he is afraid.)Personalmente, no lo creo. (Personally, I dont believe it.)Pablo evidentemente estudia mucho. (Pablo obviously studies a lot.) Adverbs of time: These adverbs tell when something occurs. They often come after the verb. Salimos maà ±ana. (Were leaving tomorrow.)No estudia nunca. (He never studies.) Adverbs of place: These adverbs tell where an action or process occurs. They can be confusing for beginning learners, since many of the adverbs that indicate place can also function as prepositions or even as pronouns. Adverbs of place appear either before or after the verb they modify. It is more important in Spanish than in English to make certain that the adverb is placed close to the verb it modifies. Est aquà ­. (It is here.)Allà ­ comeremos. (Well eat there.)Te busca arriba. (He is looking for you upstairs.)

Accidental Heroes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Accidental Heroes - Essay Example They decided to break the rules for a noble purpose and emerged as heroes. This paper shall look into several movies where heroes are made by their deliberate decisions to violate the rules established by the society they live in, their government or their superiors. These movies are The Island, The Matrix, Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief, and Ironman 2. The theme about violating established rules and emerging as a hero at the end is apparently not only common but widely accepted among both filmmakers and moviegoers. The Island The 2005 movie The Island is a futuristic movie set in the year 2019 where a company has perfected the science of human cloning. They then capitalized on this technology by selling very expensive health insurance policies to the wealthy people who want to live forever. The clients were told that the company is keeping a stock of cloned body parts which they will use for perfectly compatible organ transplants. The clients are unaware that w hat the company has at their facility is a community of clones who are then killed in order to harvest the needed human organs. The accidental hero in the person of Lincoln Six-Echo is one of the clones living in the highly secluded and closely-monitored facility. They were not allowed to interact with one another. They were made to believe that they were the last survivors of the human race and they vied for a spot in â€Å"The Island† which is supposedly the last frontier of the earth. Their every move is being monitored and there are rules for everything. If curiosity killed the cat, Lincoln Six-Echo’s inquisitive nature saved him and the others. He had a lot of questions about the things around him and about what they are told to believe. And he searched for answers. When he asked his friends and the authorities at the facility, he does not get straight answers so he decided to take the risk of violating the facility’s rules and find the answers himself. The movie went on to reveal the truth and narrates the adventures of Lincoln Six-Echo outside the facility where he finally found out that the people in the facility are â€Å"copies of people out here in the world† (The Island). If he did not take the risk of violating the rules which was strictly and oppressively implemented inside the facility, Lincoln Six-Echo would not know about who and what he really was. Moreover, he would not be able to save himself and his friend, Jordan Two-Delta, who had already won her ticket to â€Å"The Island†. If he did not violate the rules in his confined world, the insurance company’s sinister business would not be exposed into the open and its clients would remain oblivious to the fact that someone identical to them had to die in order for them to live. The Matrix The matrix is by far the most intellectual and thought-provoking film I have ever seen. Admittedly, I had to watch it a second time to listen and fully absorb the dia logues, and a third time to fully and completely comprehend what the movie is all about. Although this movie is packed with action sequences and dazzling special effects, one can only fully understand the true meaning and message of the movie by absorbing every word in its limited dialogues. The Matrix tells about a post-apocalypse earth where humans are controlled by machines. Humans lay asleep in pods while their minds are inside a virtual reality program called the matrix. Inside the matrix, the minds of sleeping bodies live â€Å"normal† lives where they work, eat, sleep and die. However, in the real world, that is, outside of the matrix system, people are unconscious in a honeycomb of pods with tubes attached to their bodies and where â€Å"the machines liquefy the dead to feed the living†

Cybersecurity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cybersecurity - Coursework Example It is important for Jacket-X to implement ways of detecting and securing networks so as to counter cyber threats vulnerabilities such as email spoofing, denial of service attack, malware intrusion, spywares, hackers as well as data and information theft that are implemented through the network (Roberta Bragg, 2004). However there are several methods by which Jacket-X can implement to avert these risks they include the following: first is by Jacket-X ensuring the installation of firewalls. Firewalls comprises of hardware and software that controls the flow of data in and out of network. By using firewalls Jacket-X can be able to examine and validate address information on all packets of data as well as protect data stored in the network from unauthorized access (Roberta Bragg, 2004). It is therefore recommended for Jacket-X to put in place procedures and policies to allow for the periodical evaluation of firewalls and upgrades that involves the incorporation of current technologies to meet critical network risks. In the case of Jacket-X’s wireless network, it would be advisable to enable WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) encryption to facilitate the protection of data that is transmitted over a wireless network. WPA is considered more secure that WEP (Wireless Equivalent Privacy) because it utilizes dynamic key encryption. Also in order for Jacket-X to gain control of their network from unauthorized access would involve the use of MAC address filtering. This technique is made possible by some routers to specify which computers can access the network (Roberta Bragg, 2004). This is facilitated by using a MAC address that comprises of unique series of numbers and letters assigned to every networking device. This would prevent unauthorized access such as hackers from intruding the Jacket-X network. Another vulnerability posed by networks is the fast

Should cigarette smoking be banned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Should cigarette smoking be banned - Essay Example He gives six reasons for the statement. One of the reasons is that cigarette smoking is harmful and it kills 6million people annually. The inhalable smoke that comes from the tobacco goes into the lungs and it is more dangerous than normal smoking. Cigarette smoking also brings financial burden to the consumers and the treasury. Other hidden costs are the costs of treating people with illnesses that stem from smoking. The tobacco industry has disrupted science. It has eroded human civilization and popular media. Most media houses do not publish a lot of articles about the harmful effects of cigarettes, but they get revenue from advertisements. Cigarette smoking causes air pollution. The last reason is that smoking is not a drug that people should take for fun because it is addictive and it affects people’s decisions. Although the doctor has outlined these reasons in his research, he also points out that prohibition is not effective. The issue of whether to ban cigarette smoking is an enigma. There is still an issue of how effective the ban will be. Some people claim that smoking has some positive aspects like relaxing people and making them feel better. However, the negative effects outweigh the positive

Employee Development Plan: Importance and Applications

Employee Development Plan: Importance and Applications Employee Development Plan Running Head: EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT PLAN Abstract With the nation’s economic turmoil still lingering it is more important than ever to develop plans that will encourage employees to remain with the company. Employee turnover is a crucial issue when it comes to the current economic standing of America. Each time an employee leaves the company the company loses the money it spent training and developing that employee for the future with the company. The training, classes, and cross skills the company has invested in the employee then benefit the new company. Because this situation costs the company money, a new employee development plan has been designed in the hopes of improving employee retention rates in the future. Employee development allows for the development of the employee so that they can better equip themselves for their career choices. It is important to support their desire to develop more fully at work, while at the same time not investing money that walks out the door and to the competition. This design allows the company to support and assist the employee desire to develop in career skills and to feel that the company supports the loyalty he or she has shown by years of service while encouraging education as well as cross training. The organizational consultant, per the research information and plan, challenges the organization to embrace the detailed plan to further develop each valuable employee. No matter what, organizational leaders must see the value in employee development and be willing to make the effort to show loyalty to its employees. Employee Development Plan With the nation’s economic turmoil still lingering it is more important than ever to develop plans that will encourage employees to remain with the company. Each time an employee leaves the company the company loses the money it spent training and developing that employee for the future with the company. The training, classes, and cross skills the company has invested in the employee are then benefiting the new company. Because this situation costs the company money, a new employee development plan has been designed in the hopes of improving employee retention rates in the future. Ebbert Hubbard, the prominent American philosopher and writer, once said, â€Å"One machine can do the work of 50 ordinary men, but no machine can do the work of one extraordinary man† (Goldstein, 2003). His statement seems to be more pertinent than ever in the contemporary context of commuting from organizations focused on tangible assets like land or property to organizations relying on intangible assets such as creativity, knowledge, or problem solving. Statistics show that more than 50% of the Gross Domestic Product generated by developed economies is based on knowledge—information technology (IT), education, and pharmaceuticals being the key sectors that account for the impressive percentage (www.yourpeoplemanager.com). This means that humans have become the major resource for modern companies. Consequently, their development and education are the major levers conditioning the organizational growth. For that, leaders must understand the value of their employees and develop them for organizational and employee benefit. This research defines employee development and addresses why organizational leaders need it. The research proves the link between employee development and company growth while sharing the benefits of employee training and development. Then the research outlines a plan that addresses hiring, training, development based on time, promotion, and education. Lastly, the conclusion calls leaders to action to realize the importance of, and build the plan for, developing their employees. What is employee development and why do we need it? Before starting to analyze the correlation between these two aspects, a clear picture of what employee training and development mean could prove extremely useful. First, a clear delimitation should be made among three concepts that people often confuse. These are education, training, and development. The first one consists of preparing an individual’s mind in a framework that is different from the organization. The second refers to attending courses aimed at improving skills, knowledge or attitudes for appropriately achieving a certain task within an organization, while the third is the natural result of the first two and is represented by the growth of the individual in terms of ability, understanding and awareness (www.accel-team.com). This triangle proves to be indispensable to company performance as it allows employees to account for more tasks that are difficult. In addition, it accommodates newcomers to the organization’s performance standards and helps them act w ithin the same competitive pattern responsible for the company’s success. Further, it enhances the organization’s efficiency and effectiveness, it responds to legislative requirements regarding health or safety, and sets an adequate framework for informing employees on changes that have been made and the courses they have to attend in order to cope with modifications. Detecting the personnel’s needs requiring employee training and development programs is very difficult. However, task as managers can rely on various sources such as common sense (for instance, the implementation of new technologies undoubtedly represents a solid reason for training) and negative aspects that statistics reveal (the decrease of output per employee, lower performance indices, behavioral problems like absences, sickness, lateness etc.). Furthermore, government recommendations, predictions, specialists’ advice, alarm triggers pulled by specialized journals or confessions made by other organizations which have encountered a certain problem also are other sources on which task managers can rely. Training and development may be achieved in both formal and informal ways. The former category implies attending courses held by internal or external managers who usually combine impersonal lectures with interactive activities like role-playing or simulation, forums, tests, case studies presented with the help of video and computers. The latter category is a non-official one, and is mainly based on the employees’ ability to draw their own conclusions after observing other workers, participating in meetings, rotating jobs within the organization or temporary assisting employees from another company, autodidactic teaching by reading texts or viewing video tapes, being a member of a research team and so on (www.accel-team.com). Measuring the outcome of such training and development initiatives is a very difficult thing to do because results are rather qualitative than quantitative. Still, managers may observe if the effectiveness and efficiency of their employees have increased by analyzing the number of customer complaints or the time in which a certain task has been performed. They can also notice a faster accommodation of new employees, more effective use of machinery, a higher job satisfaction reflected in performing more qualitative services to the client (and thus attracting new customers), fewer accidents etc. Managers can also draw some conclusions concerning the employees’ loyalty or the improvement of their qualification allowing them to contribute to tougher tasks or other positions within the organization (www.accel-team.com). Researches proving the link between employee development and company growth Undoubtedly, employee development has a significant impact on the customers’ satisfaction and the employees’ ability and willingness to solve crisis encountered by the organization or to adapt to changes occurred in the business environment. Through training and development, a company’s personnel may gain the necessary expertise for approaching new markets or technologies, thus inducing cost savings in the end. Additionally, employees value trainings because these are seen as strategic investments that the organization accepts to make because of the huge trust it has in its personnel’s potential. Therefore, employees will embrace a positive and enthusiastic attitude towards the organization concerned about their intellectual evolvement and will work harder for helping it achieve its mission and goals (Gross, 2000). The link between employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and financial performance has also been outlined by AC Nielsen through its market researches or by Sears through surveys carried out on its retail stores (Goldstein, 2003). Another research survey, carried out by Sirota, Mischkind, and Meltzer (2005), on a sample of 2.5 million employees, highlighted that companies boasting high morale had the tendency to outperform competitors. Moreover, the research emphasized that out of 28 companies having almost 920,000 employees, the share price of 14 (known as high morale firms), had an average increase of 16% in 2004, while the share price of 6 (known as low morale firms) had an average increase of only 3%. The results were significant when compared with the industry average of 6%, calculated for 9,240 companies (http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu). In conclusion, higher morale and enthusiasm lead to increased financial performances. As employee development and training are said t o be rewards boosting the personnel’s positivism and satisfaction, they may be considered inherently linked to company growth. Benefits of employee training and development A major benefit of employee development is increased productivity. Because of the courses he or she attends, an employee may learn advanced techniques that lead to higher efficiency and effectiveness in performing tasks. For instance, if a company’s bookkeeper is sent to an Excel course, this will be taught several shortcuts that will help him or her comply faster with his job requirements. On one hand, this means that he or she can perform other activities that would have otherwise required hiring new employees, and spending more money. On the other hand, increased efficiency results in prompt accountancy reports and ledgers that may be timely consulted by managers in order to make operative decisions. This means shorter time, and consequently, less money spent. A second benefit of employee development refers to reducing turnover. Researches that have been carried out with regard to this issue have emphasized that an employee’s trajectory within an organization has the form of a parabola. In the beginning, he is enthusiastic about his new job and learns everything he needs in order to live up to the company’s expectations and gain recognition for his well-done work. This ascending trend (or honeymoon as Sirota calls it) lasts five or six months until the individual reaches a climax where routine comes into the limelight. Thus, he continues to do his job for a certain period, but as nothing new appears, the employee decides to leave the company and try something different or look for another challenge. Yet, Sirota’s (2005) research shows that 10% of the companies surveyed succeed in ensuring a prolonged honeymoon throughout the entire career to their employees because they understand the difficulty of â€Å"being enthusi astic about an organization that is not enthusiastic about you† (http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu). Consequently, they implement development programs that help employees seize opportunities and prepare for complex tasks that might reveal numerous latent skills or abilities. Additionally, employee development may be presented as a supplementary path to job security that has become a top need after the collapse of high-tech companies and September 11, 2001. A perfect example of a high-morale company in these terms is Southwest Airlines, which, after the terrorist attacks in September, stated: â€Å"We will take a hit in our stock price and not lay off anybody† (http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu). Furthermore, training and development can exert a positive influence in the recruiting process. First, managers may wish to hire an elitist who does not correspond to job requirements because of a certain skill. If the company is ready to offer trainings for developing the missing feature, it could win a valuable employee who may be responsible for future performances. The following is an example: A person applying for the PR executive position may be rejected because he or she does not correspond to a single requirement such as updating the company’s website. Although he or she is a performer and a fast learner, the organization prefers to hire a less brilliant candidate who poorly meets all the requirements instead of investing some courses in the first one. Such a decision may greatly affect the company’s performance and image. Secondly, development programs may prove enticing enough to potential employees. Therefore, the company can use them in order to attract the desired staff capable of inducing the organization’s growth. Thirdly, if existing employees are trained for different or more complex tasks, these may become eligible for vacant positions or may handle a wider range of activities. In this context, the company saves money by reducing its need to hire. Fourthly, development consists of rewarding loyal employees who after learning new skills are promoted to higher positions. This also accounts for a company’s performance. Lastly, development strategies allow employees to be more independent or, in other words, they give them wings to fly. This autonomy cuts off the supervision costs, thus increasing the company’s efficiency, and inherently, performance (Gross, 2000). Employee training also plays a major part in maintaining a work/life balance. This is essential for the organization’s health because the employee burnout phenomenon can decrease productivity or can have other negative consequences like: sickness, lateness, absenteeism as a result of the unusual stress; lower efficiency and morale because of their exaggerate workload; higher turnover rates. Consequently, employees should be helped to handle both work and life commitments through trainings teaching them how to better manage time and priorities or how to recharge batteries after projects or seasons involving an unusual amount of work. In response to the company’s concern, an employee may prove unexpectedly grateful and may voluntarily contribute to a future project, essential to the organization’s success (Gross, 2000). Employment Development Plan Hiring The first step to employee development is the hiring process. When there is an opening the department head will meet with human resources and determine exactly what the new job requirements will be. In addition, at this time there will be a discussion about where the position may lead in the future and what type of education or skills will be important to have for the path to be followed (Bass, 1985). Hiring in the future will involve a careful screening of applicants to cull the most qualified for the particular position in question. In the past, it has been accepted as a practice to hire the first one who was qualified in order to get the position filled. In the future, this will change and improve the retention rate of employees to the company. The applicants will be carefully examined so that the candidate who is most likely to advance within the company is selected. Hiring will happen by way of Internet sources, employee referrals, recruiters, and job fairs. When an opening occu rs it will be publicized in several publications so that the company will have a diverse applicant pool from which to select those who will be interviewed (Steines and Kleiner, 2003). Training Employee development is an expensive process. The company invests funds to train the employee, and then further train and then possibly invest in the employee’s college education as well. All of this is done with the hopes that the company will eventually reap the benefits of the investments made on the employee’s behalf (Liggett, 2007). The company’s employee development plan has changed to be more cautious about fund investments at the front end of the employee history with the company, but on the back end as time moves forward, the benefits are increased from previous years. When an employee is first hired, there will be a three-day training period by which the employee will view the videos and company policies, be given tours of the company, and will engage in a discussion about future possibilities. After the three days have passed, the employee will begin working along side someone in their chosen department who will assist with their acclimation (Liggett, 2007). While this will cost time and money because the training or supervising peer will have to slow down their own work when the new employee needs help, it is still less expensive than paying for the new employee to spend time in a training institution. The training will initially for nothing more than the job the employee was hired to do. At the first three-day session however, the employee will be told of the entire development package so the employee has an understanding of what the future holds and what staying with the company can mean to them. There will also be an employee suggestion box outside the cafeteria from which ideas for development will be read and discussed quarterly (Liggett, 2007). Development based on time The entire foundation of this employee development plan is to reward employees for loyalty and longevity. The plan is based on a staggered schedule that allows the company to provide the best benefits for those who stay with the company (Redling, 2003). The reward is incentive for employees to remain in the employ of the company while offering the company some security that it is investing in long-term workers. It also reduces the loss of funds that occur when a short-term employee goes to a competitor after receiving training at this company. Because the company’s new policy is operated with the bulk of the benefits on the back end of employment they must be made better than they were before so that employees want to stay and reap the rewards of the new package. After six months of employment the employee may request for a cross training package to be started. In this package, the employee will be trained in other departments so that he or she can work throughout the company in several different capacities. The company will provide a temporary worker to perform the employee’s duties while the employee is cross training for the other department (Redling, 2003). Each six months the employee will be encouraged to choose another department that he or she wishes to be cross trained for and the company will provide an temporary worker so that the employee can devote a full forty hour week to the business of learning the new skill. There will be no limit on the number of departments an employee can be cross trained in as long as there are at least six months worked at the regular position between training sessions. This allows the employee to develop their skills as well as provides additional back up support for the company because the empl oyee can handle multiple tasks within the company (Redling, 2003). Promotion It is important that an employee feel they are being treated well and given opportunities to advance in their careers (Solomon, 2002). Any time there is an opening the company employees shall have the first opportunities to apply for it. If there is an employee who is qualified, that employee shall be given the job and the hiring will focus on replacing him or her in the old position. Education After one year of employment with the company, the employee can apply for the education package. This will allow the company to reimburse for some costs of education. In years two through four of employment the company will reimburse the cost of tuition following the receipt of a report card that demonstrates a C average in the classes attempted. The classes can be based on any subject but there will be a one hundred percent reimbursement for classes pertaining to work and a seventy five percent reimbursement for classes that do not pertain to the industry. During years five through ten the company will reimburse at one hundred percent not only the cost of the tuition but also the cost of the books for any classes the employee chooses to take. The employee simply needs to provide a report card at the end of the semester to receive reimbursement. From years ten to 15 not only will the company pay for the employee college but will allow the employee to attend during the work day without docking the pay. This will work up to two hours a day for the duration of employment. The employment development plan not only allows for the development of an employee in the area of training but also in staff development. The managers of the company will attend annual seminars on staff relations so that they can better understand how to communicate with their subordinates (Dowling, 2001). The company wants to focus on employee retention and part of the reason employees choose to stay with a company or leave it for greener pastures is because they do or do not get along well with their superiors. Staff development and relations is an important aspect of employee development and annual staff relation seminars are targeting problem communications so that the employee will continue to feel loyal to the company. Conclusion Employee development can serve to save funds that the company would otherwise have to write off. Employee turnover is a crucial issue when it comes to the current economic standing of America. Employee development allows for the development of the employee so that they can better equip themselves for their career choices. It is important to support their desire to develop more fully at work, while at the same time not investing money that walks out the door and to the competition. This design allows the company to support and assist the employee desire to develop in career skills while at the same time discouraging a cash loss. If the employee stays with the company the development program risks very little of the company’s assets before the employee has proved themselves a long-term investment. This plan allows the employee to fully develop and to feel that the company supports the loyalty he or she has shown by years of service while encouraging education as well as cross tr aining. The organizational consultant, per the research information and plan, challenges the organization to embrace the detailed plan to further develop each valuable employee. No matter what, organizational leaders must see the value in employee development and be willing to make the effort to show loyalty to its employees. References Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York, NY: Free Press. Dowling, F. (2001). â€Å"Just the Job: Bosses need work on staff relations.† Birmingham Post. January 6, 22 pp. Function 7: Employee education, training, and development. (2006). [Online], Available:http://www.accel-team.com/human_resources/hrm_07.html (2008, January 30). Giving Employees What They Want: The Returns Are Huge. (2005). [Online], Available: http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1188CFID=3898075CFTOKEN=53249968 (2008, January 30). Goldstein, S. (2003). â€Å"Employee Development: An examination of service strategy in a high-contact service environment.† Production and Operations Management. Summer. Gross, B. (2000). Effective Training Programs for Managers, [Online], Available: http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/careers-job-training/2975408-3.html (2008, January 30). Helping Employees Maintain Work/Life Balance. (2006). [Online], Available: http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/employee-development-employee-productivity/1242-1.html (2008, January 30). Liggett, D. (2007). â€Å"Training and qualifying your employees.† Industry Applications Magazine. May, Vol. 13, Issue 3. pp.25-30. Redling, R. (2003). â€Å"Assembling a solid staff: Job rotation, job shaping and cross training help employee retention.† Connexion/Medical Group Management Association. March, Vol. 3, pp. 38-40. Sirota, D., L. Mischkind, and Michael Meltzer. (2005). The Enthusiastic Employee: How Companies Profit by Giving Workers What They Want. University City, PA: Wharton School Publishing. Steines, S. R., and B. H. Kleiner. (2003). â€Å"Keys to Hiring Employees Effectively.† Management Research News. Volume 26, Issue 2/3/4, pp. 170-180. Solomon, M. (2002). â€Å"Discovering the Leader Within.† Computerworld. August 5, 38 pp. YPM Briefing: Employee development. (2005). [Online], Available: http://www.yourpeoplemanager.com/YarBGXpoTX_-WA.html (2008, January 30). Total Quality Management: Advantages and Disadvantages Total Quality Management: Advantages and Disadvantages Quality plays a significant role in the development and success of any organization or product. UK is recognized as a core of the creation of petrochemical and other associated products of petrochemical. There is high demand for petrochemical products all over the world; so quality assurance and quality management are very important in petrochemical industry in order to exist in the global economy. There are many petrochemical industries in this country and millions of people are working in these industries. Even though this sector is one of the major sources of economic growth, the petrochemical industries are facing some problems regarding quality management and quality assurance (Grote, 2001). The main challenges faced by the petrochemical industry are the need to manage the commercial environment better and as a minimum to stop worsening the industrys inherent cyclicality  the need for further restructuring in order to improve underlying performance  and the need to improve relationships with the outside world because crucially these relationships increasingly will determine the scope for success in our industry (ibid). In terms of long term challenges, petrochemical industries in the UK are facing number of challenges that need careful planning. These challenges are firstly, the increase of demand (BP, 2010). This increase in demand is caused by the increase in population in the UK and around the world which will put petrochemical under pressure to follow the demand. Another problem is dealing with petrochemical suppliers it will be possible to survive the prices that are caused the changing in petrochemical raw material (oil and gas) in global market (ibid). For example, in 2008 the oil prices raised to record value over $138 for barrel. Thirdly, they need to find more resources to cope with demand increase (ibid). Finally, they are going to face a problem of where should they make investments and train their workforce (ibid). The investment should not be on only finding new oil field but Its about discovering new technologies and pioneering new methods; developing the best equipment and equipping our teams with the right skills and be more innovative to become even more environmental friendly (ibid). Some petrochemical industries in the United Kingdom have problems in utilizing their resources in best way. This causes a great loss of profit for them since in higher demand season they need to increase the capacity by hiring skilled workforce or buying needed products from competitors which needs extra costs. Others have problem recycling there products or some kinds of product or even recycling of the waste product. This also causes a big loss to the company because if a product has a defect, its not necessary mean that all material integrated in the product cannot be recovered. Implementation of the Latest technology and train the workforce on it is necessary as it recommended by TQM and ISO 9000 in system improving point. The pressure which making solving these problems even more difficult come from the financial crisis for the past few years that has affected the running of the petrochemical industries 2008 saw crude oil prices rise to record highs and then follow the financial markets to unexpected lows (BP, 2010). Increase in the price of the resources decreased the production of these industries or if the production doesnt change, the profit will decrease. The petrochemical products are used for a number of purposes and the number of competitors has increased recently; therefore, leading in quality and clearing the company brand guarantee the survival in this competition. Implementation of TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa: The petrochemical industries are those involved in the manufacturing of toxic chemicals and organic compounds which can affect the people when not maintained properly. Quality assessment and quality standard implementation should be done from the start-up of production to the final despatch of the product for customer satisfaction and for the maintenance of quality system. The petrochemical industry should also comply with the requirements of occupational health and safety management systems which deal with the precautions on health and environmental factors. This is applicable to all chemical industries. In Diagram 1, the implementation of quality factors starts with the vision and mission of the company, the vision are the future view of the company; the mission are the goals in terms of quality products, customer satisfaction and the profit which they want to achieve (DTI, n.d., p2). The statements should be clear and spontaneous (ibid). CSF/KPI: The critical factors for successful implementation are the building blocks for the success and those identified factors that affect in the implementation by analysing of the past data and the modification to be done in implementing the new standards (DTI, n.d., pp2-3; Oakland and Marosszeky, 2006, p363). They identify the key performance indicators like the employees, resources like plant and machinery, innovation etc. Encouraging new ideas and technology, discarding obsolete ones etc. contribute to the success in the implementation; they monitor the performance and report the progress and the feedback for the organizations well-being (ibid). Core process: The core business processes are the profit rearing segments of the business and they consist of suppliers, process and the customers (DTI, n.d., pp3-4). The quality implementations create a major impact on the core process and the competitive advantage when the implementation of the TQM is done in the business process (ibid). Defining of the business opportunity: Quality implementation is done mainly for increasing the reputation of the company which leads to increase in profit. The company must be against the acceptance of any kind of compromise in the product quality which affects the company and its reputation in the market. To make the situation at an ease and conducting a review to identify the particular need and the specification of the customer and the company and the analyzing whether the required standard is met or not, this becomes the method for getting a better business opportunity (DTI, n.d., p6). The ISO 9000: This is an important tool for the implementation of TQM. This is a general name given to the list of quality standards. The main aim of these quality standards is to provide the company with the standard products and to make the company a profit oriented and highly reputed. The brainstorming of the ideas is given a good place for the implementation. They help in several ideas generated by the people and the product analysis and the performing of the functions according to the effectiveness of the customer satisfaction and the major role in the quality assessment criteria and to enhance the company position, reputation and profitability (Karakas and Kavas, 2008, pp.8-11). Decision making by the management and the implementation to be done by the different standards and the performance of them are monitored continuously, and the demerits in the performance are identified and continuous improvement is done by providing adequate training and development (Maddalena, 2007, pp.71-72). ISO 9000 series is a quality management system that has to be maintained in an organization. This means what the organization does to fulfil:   the customers quality requirements, and  applicable regulatory requirements, while aiming to  enhance customer satisfaction, and  achieve continual improvement of its performance in pursuit of these objectives (ISO, 2010). The idea of improvement in implementing TQM by the companies is to have the accreditation, proper dealing with the customer for the certification for the business and exports to be done to other countries and also to increase the position and profit of the company. Advantages of implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa globally: The ISO 9000 and TQM are two main subjects that are used to show the quality of an industry. Although fundamentally different TQM ensures organizations do the right thing, while ISO 9000 is about doing things right (Williams and Buswell, 2003, p133). There are many advantages in implementing ISO 900 as precursor to TQM and vice versa. ISO 9000 has grown popularity due to its advantages. The ISO 9000 is considered as a quality model, and it can be used as a tool to TQM. ISO 9000 helps in planning household finance because keeping records of paying bills and taxes is the first step to run a business effectively (Kurtus, 2001). ISO 9000 will help the process of production when the quality management process is at the starting stage. ISO 9000 has nowadays become a need to any organization because it helps to improve productivity (Pike and Barnes, 1996, p27). It helps in organizing the process of production, and it also helps in improving the performance of the company (ibid). The implementation determines whether the work is done in an efficient way or not, and makes sure that the system is on track (ibid). Moreover, ISO 9000 gives a great advantage to an organization to work globally (ibid). Finally, by implementing ISO 9000 first, the implantation of TQM will be more effective. On the other hand, Total quality management can be implemented as a precursor to ISO 9000. Implementing TQM as a precursor can be of advantage to the implementation of ISO 9000 because the company can keep its regular customers which can be possible because TQM helps in meeting the needs of the customers. The implementation of TQM creates a competitive advantage, and it will also improve the participation and dedication of the employees. The employees work as a team for the implementation activities and thus cooperation increases. Besides, the implementation of TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 will reduce the time of the registration with ISO because most of ISO 9000 requirement should be met by the organization. The implementation of TQM and ISO 9000 helps provide quality to the customers. So, the advantages of both quality systems in an organization can be listed as follows; They improve the productivity of the organization from top to bottom. They are systematic and well-structured approaches that can be used for enhancing customer satisfaction. Theyre very improvement methods by which the deviations can be reduced. Both help in delivering the product and services that required quality which expected by the customers. Together they help in reducing a higher level of wastages. Implementation of ISO 9000 offers a strong foundation for the efficient implementation of TQM. The implementing of ISO 9000 as a precursor of TQM helps to create an understanding of the requirements of the customers. It enhances the involvement of the employees in the TQM process. It increases the relationship with the suppliers. The profit of the firm can be boosted up by implementing ISO 9000. Disadvantages of implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa globally: ISO 9000 and TQM are the integral components of the successful running of every organization. While implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000, few problems arise in connection with customer satisfaction, because without the incorporation of TQM and ISO 9000 does not bring enough customer satisfaction. They consider that ISO 9000 certification is the main thing which shows the manufacturers ability to produce high quality products (Schoonmaker, 1997, p5). Also implementation of TQM as a precursor to ISO causes difficulties for entering into international market because ISO 9000 certification is an integral component of petrochemical industry to enter an international market. In order to get ISO 9000 systematic planning is necessary and it will help bring faith from the part of the customer and also to produce good quality products. ISO 9000 certification is the major thing which is used to compete with the international markets. Also, implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 will cause difficulties to maintain quality improvement. So, it is better to follow ISO 9000 standards before TQM in every organization. Nevertheless, there exist few disadvantages also for this type of implementation. In order to achieve maximum profit from a business, the major thing is to fulfil the needs of the customer and TQM approach gives more consideration to customer satisfaction. So, by implementing ISO 9000 first will cause few problems regarding customer satisfaction. Even there is quality in the products for the satisfaction of the customer ISO 9000 and TQM certification is essential. It is better to implement ISO 9000 before TQM because in the newest version of ISO 9000 it includes several features of TQM. Therefore the implementation of TQM before ISO 900 is really wastage of time and money. There are some problems regarding the implementation of TQM as the precursor to ISO 9000 and some of that problems are Initially higher cost of production as more is recognized as rejects. Cost of training personnel, cost of implementing stages of feedback for employees (Voters 2010). The implementation of this TQM standard requires more cost because there need to bring total changes in the organization such as for the training of the employees, implementation of the latest technologies etc (Pike and Barnes, 1996, p275). It is difficult to alter the practice of the long-time workers to the TQM procedures and ISO 9000 procedures. While the organization is ru nning smoothly with their existing functional procedures as the customer demands for the ISO 9000 and TQM standard certification, the company owners are forced to change to these standard procedures. Even though an organization maintains quality in their products and excellent workers the customer does not agree the quality without the certification of these standards. The petrochemical products are used for several purposes so the certification of ISO 9000 and TQM for every product seems to be very difficult because sometimes the assurance of the quality of a product requires much more money than the money required for the manufacturing of that product. There are also some difficulties in implementation the ISO 9000 as the precursor. To finish the procedures of ISO 9000 registration it takes several months. The 1996 Quality Systems Update survey indicated that it took businesses an average of 15 months to move from the early stages of the process to passage of the final audit, and that processes of 18-20 months or even longer were not that uncommon (Answers, 2010). It is really wastage of time and effort to the business owners moreover wastage of time to other employees in the organization. Frequently companies will have a customer who demands that they be ISO 9000 certified to continue doing business. NOW the company has the choice of losing a customer or implementing ISO 9000. Either way money is lost in the short term (Gunaman and De-Almeida, 2000, p.5).